• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a machine (1) having a machine frame (2) which can be moved on rails (4) of a track grate (5) by means of rail carriages (3) and with a stabilization unit (8) which generates a vibration exciter (15) for generating horizontal, transversal to Machine longitudinal direction extending vibrations and on the rails (4) unrolled wheel flange rollers (10). In this case, a camera (11) is mounted on the machine frame (2) for detecting a portion of the track grid (5) that is set in oscillation, the camera (11) being connected to an evaluation device (16) in order to obtain a resulting deflection (sr ) of the track grating (5). In this way, the amplitude (ar) of the threshold deflection can be detected, which is a measure of the actually effective vibration for stabilizing the track.
    公开号:AT518373A1
    申请号:T93/2016
    申请日:2016-02-24
    公开日:2017-09-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Plasser & Theurer Export Von Bahnbaumaschinen Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    description
    Machine with stabilization unit and measuring method
    Technical Field The invention relates to a machine with a machine frame which can be moved on rails of a track grate by means of rail carriages and with a stabilization unit which comprises a vibration exciter for generating horizontal vibrations running transversely to the machine longitudinal direction and wheel flange rollers which can be unrolled on the rails. In addition, the invention relates to a measuring method.
    PRIOR ART [02] A stabilization unit is used for dynamic track stabilization. Specifically, it serves to create a sustainable track after lifting, straightening and plugging a track in a ballast bed. In this case, a horizontal vibration is generated by means of the stabilization unit and transmitted to the track in order to bring about a better durability of the track position by shaking the track. As a result, settlements in the ballast bed, which occur after lifting, straightening and plugging a track, greatly reduced. Furthermore, the lateral displacement resistance of the track in the ballast bed is substantially increased. A corresponding machine is known, for example, from EP 0 666 371 A1 and DE 41 02 870 A1.
    [03] WO 2008/009314 A1 discloses a stabilization unit with a controllable dynamic impact force. However, only the vibration acting on the respective rail head of the track is measurable, but not the resulting vibration of the sleepers of the track.
    Summary of the Invention [04] The invention is based on the object of providing an improvement over the prior art for a machine of the type mentioned in the introduction. In addition, a measurement method is to be specified, from which the resulting vibration of the track grid emerges.
    [05] According to the invention this object is achieved by a machine according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 6. Dependent claims indicate advantageous embodiments of the invention.
    [06] In this case, a camera is mounted on the machine frame for detecting a vibrated portion of the track grid, wherein the camera is connected to an evaluation device to derive a resulting deflection of the track grating from recorded image data. In this way, the amplitude of the threshold deflection is detectable, which is a measure of the actually effective vibration to stabilize the track. An accompanying improvement and documentation of the stabilization quality are clear advantages over previous solutions.
    [07] In a development of the invention, it is provided that the evaluation device is connected to a control of the stabilization unit in order to control the vibration exciter as a function of the resulting deflection. This creates the opportunity to equip the stabilization unit with a control to keep the dynamic threshold deflection constant during a labor input.
    [08] It is advantageous if the camera is designed to take two-dimensional images. Corresponding image data can be evaluated with the speed required by an industrial PC.
    [09] Furthermore, it is advantageous if the camera is arranged in a vertical plane of symmetry running transversely to the track between two flange wheels of the stabilization unit. In this area, the amplitude of each oscillation period is expected, so that a narrow detection range of the camera is sufficient to record the required image data.
    In order to be able to take into account any vibrations of the machine frame in the determination of the resulting deflection of the track grid, it makes sense if an acceleration sensor is arranged on the machine frame in the region of the camera.
    [11] The measuring method according to the invention provides that image data are continuously recorded from the oscillating region of the track grating by means of the camera in a plan view, and that a resulting deflection of the track grating is derived from the acquired image data. Thus, a documentation of the threshold deflection is already possible as a relevant parameter for the friction performance of the track during the dynamic track stabilization.
    [12] In a simple embodiment of the method, it is provided that a first image recorded in one direction at the time of maximum deflection is compared with a second image recorded in the opposite direction at the time of maximum deflection in order to derive therefrom the resulting deflection of the track grating. With this method, the resulting deflection of the track grate is accurately detected.
    It is advantageous if a positional deviation of image contents identical in both images is evaluated as a measure of the resulting deflection of the track grid. Robust and efficient software algorithms, which allow a rapid and reliable evaluation of the recorded image data, can be used for such pattern matching.
    [14] The evaluation is particularly efficient if contours of a threshold and / or rail fastening means are selected as image contents.
    A further embodiment of the method provides that during a period of oscillation of the track grid at predetermined recording times image data are detected, that at each recording time a deflection of the track grating is determined and that from a sinusoidal oscillation of the track grating is derived. The amplitude of this assumed sinusoidal oscillation then corresponds to the resulting maximum deflection of the track grid.
    To ensure sufficient accuracy, the images are recorded at a frame rate that corresponds to at least four times the frequency of the horizontal vibration of the track grating. An increase of the frame rate increases the accuracy, whereby the data stream to be processed also increases.
    [17] To further increase the evaluation efficiency, the acquisition of the image data and the horizontal vibration of the track grating are synchronized. As soon as a synchronization is achieved, the recordings of the two maximum deflections of one oscillation period can be determined in a simple manner. As reference recordings are for example the zero crossings of the oscillation, which periodically have an overlap.
    A further advantage of the method comes into play when a phase shift between a vibration of the stabilization unit acting on the track grid and the resulting oscillation of the track grid detected by the camera is determined. This phase shift serves as a measure of the inertia and the damping of the track grid in the lateral direction. With the documentation of this size, a track operator receives important information about the condition of the track.
    [19] Furthermore, the method is improved when a vibration of the machine frame is measured in the area of the camera and included in the evaluation of the resulting deflection of the track grate. As soon as disturbing vibrations of the machine frame occur, they are compensated for the image evaluation.
    Brief Description of the Drawings [20] The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. In a schematic representation:
    Fig. 1 machine with stabilization unit
    Fig. 2 stabilization unit
    Fig. 3 image at maximum deflection in one direction
    Fig. 4 image at maximum deflection in the opposite direction
    Fig. 5 evaluation with pattern recognition
    Fig. 6 waveforms
    DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS [21] The machine 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises a machine frame 2 which is movable on rail carriages 3 on rails 4 of a track grate 5. The track grid 5 consists of the rails 4 and sleepers 6 and is mounted in a ballast bed 7. With the machine frame 2, a stabilizing unit 8 is movably connected. This stabilizing unit 8 comprises a plurality of wheels 9 and wheel flange rollers 10 for holding the track grating 5. By means of these wheels 9 and wheel flange rollers 10, a vibration generated by means of stabilizing unit 8 is transmitted to the track grating 5.
    [22] According to the prior art, the movement of the stabilizing unit 8 is used as a measure of the introduced vibration. In particular, due to a occurring rail tilting during the dynamic track stabilization, the rail head deflection se does not correspond to the movement of the sleepers 6 connected to the rails 4 and thus of the track rail 5. The dynamic threshold deflection sr correlates with the relative movement between the sleepers 6 and the ballast bed 7 and is decisive for the introduced in the track stabilization work.
    [23] In order to detect the resulting vibration of the track grating 5, a camera 11 is arranged on the machine frame 2 according to the invention. This includes, for example, an image sensor installed behind a lens, and takes two-dimensional images of the track grid 5 mounted in the ballast bed 7 in a plan view. Alternatively, other optical sensors may also be used, for example a single sensor line within a line scan camera.
    By fastening the camera 11 on the machine frame 2, a decoupling from the vibrations of the relative to the machine frame 2 movably suspended stabilizing unit 8 is ensured. As a rule, because of its high mass inertia, the machine frame 2 forms a stable base relative to the stabilization unit 8.
    [25] Only with very light machines 1 is it possible that the machine frame 2 is not a sufficiently stable base. Then it makes sense if an acceleration sensor 12 is arranged in the region of the camera 11 in order to detect any vibration of the machine frame 2. This happens, for example, by double integration of the measured accelerations. When evaluating the image data, these vibration data of the machine frame 2 are used to compensate for unwanted camera movement.
    Conveniently, the camera 11 is arranged in a vertical plane of symmetry 13 between two wheel flange rollers 10 or roller tongs, so that the area with the maximum track rust deflection is detected with the smallest possible image detail.
    [27] A stabilization unit 8 is shown in detail in FIG. The camera 11 is fixed to the machine frame 2 and detects the outer threshold area. Also rail fasteners 14 are conveniently shown, to enrich the image content available for evaluation. Centrally a vibration exciter 15 is arranged, which generates either a constant or an adjustable vibration. In the latter case, the advantageous possibility is given to adapt the oscillation to the detected resulting deflection sr of the track grating 5. The vibrations are generated, for example, by means of rotating imbalances.
    [28] Based on the image contents is carried out by means of an evaluation device 16 continuously a determination of the instantaneous threshold deflection sr. The evaluation device 16 is housed, for example, together with a controller 17 of the stabilization unit 8 in a control cabinet. To transmit the image data, the camera 11 is connected to the evaluation device 16 by means of a data cable or via a data bus. At the latter, the controller 17 is also connected in the rule.
    The measuring method according to the invention is based on the continuous recording of images of the oscillated track grating 5. In the present example, recordings of the respective threshold upper side take place with the rail fasteners 14, illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4. FIG. 3 shows a first image 17 Time of a maximum deflection in one
    Direction and Fig. 4 shows a second image 18 at the time of maximum deflection in the opposite direction. For taking evaluable images 17, 18 a short exposure time and a high frame rate are required. Conveniently, the frame rate is significantly higher than the frequency of the stabilization unit 8.
    [30] When the frame rate equals four times the frequency of the stabilization unit 8, four pictures are taken per oscillation period. Synchronization of the image acquisition and the oscillation then takes place simply by varying the image rate until every other image has an overlap of the image contents in the transverse direction of the track. These images are then images of the zero crossings of the oscillated track grating 5.
    [31] With the permissible assumption that a maximum deflection ar of the track grating 5 occurs on a time average between two zero crossings, the two images 17, 18 of one oscillation period recorded therebetween form precisely these maximum track rust deflections ar.
    The first image 17 shows the maximum deflection in one direction and the second image 18 shows the maximum deflection in the opposite direction.
    Alternatively, the synchronization can take place via a linked control of the vibration exciter 15 and the camera 11. This is useful if the stabilization unit 8 is activated in any case as a function of the detected deflection of the track grating 5. For example, the phase angle and speed of the vibration-generating imbalances are adapted to the frame rate.
    [33] At a sufficiently high frame rate, no synchronization is required.
    In this case, the position of matching image contents is first determined in each recorded image by means of the evaluation unit. From this an image cycle for one oscillation period can be derived, whereby those two images are selected whose matching image contents have the greatest positional deviation from each other. The first image 17 shows the maximum deflection of the track grating 5 in one direction and the second image 18 the maximum deflection in the opposite direction.
    The oscillation amplitude as a measure of the maximum deflection ar of the track grating 5 is determined by superposing the first and the second image 17, 18. Either both images 17, 18 are brought into coincidence with their image edges 19 and the distance between matching image contents is determined or the matching image contents are brought into coincidence and a positional deviation of the two image edges 19 is evaluated as a measure of the resulting vibration amplitude.
    [35] FIG. 5 shows a superposition of the two images 17, 18 from FIGS. 3 and 4. In this case, the matching image contents are brought into coincidence by means of pattern recognition. For such matching, algorithms are known that provide sufficiently accurate results in real time. The positional deviation of the image edges 19 to each other indicates the peak-to-peak value 20 of the resulting vibration. Accordingly, the amplitude is half as large as the maximum deflection ar of the track grating 5 in one direction.
    [36] In FIG. 6, the upper diagram shows a vibration course of the stabilization unit or the rail head deflection se over time t. In the lower course, the resulting deflection of the track grating 5 or the dynamic threshold deflection sr over the time t is shown. The dynamic behavior of the track body determines a deviation between the amplitudes as, ar of these waveforms.
    [37] There is a phase shift Δφ between the oscillations. This is influenced by the elasticity of the rails 4 and the stability of the rail connections 14. Further influencing factors are the friction between sleepers 6 and ballast bed 7 and a vertical contact force acting on the stabilizing unit 8, which is applied by means of hydraulic cylinders 21. A recording of the phase shift Δφ accordingly documents the quality of the track body, in particular of the rail connections 14.
    [38] In the illustration four recording times ti, t2, t3, t4 are given by way of example per oscillation period. From the images taken at these times ti, t2, t3, U, the respective threshold deflection si, S2, S3, S4 is determined. This is done by means of pattern recognition, wherein, for example, the change in position of a rail fastening 14 is detected. In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, a resulting sinusoidal line is calculated from the determined passing points, this assumed sinusoidal line indicating the maximum resulting deflection ar of the track grid 5.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]
    claims
    1. Machine (1) with a means of rail undercarriages (3) on rails (4) of a track grate (5) movable machine frame (2) and with a stabilization unit (8) having a vibration exciter (15) for generating horizontal, transverse to the machine longitudinal direction Vibrations and on the rails (4) unrollable wheel flange rollers (10), characterized in that on the machine frame (2) has a camera (11) is mounted for detecting a vibrated portion of the track grid (5) and that the camera (11) is connected to an evaluation device (16) in order to derive a resulting deflection (sr) of the track grating (5) from acquired image data.
    [2]
    2. Machine (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the evaluation device (16) with a controller (17) of the stabilization unit (8) is connected to the vibration exciter (15) in response to the resulting deflection (sr) to control.
    [3]
    3. Machine (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the camera (11) for receiving two-dimensional images (17, 18) is formed.
    [4]
    4. Machine (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the camera (11) in a vertical, transverse to the track plane of symmetry between two flange wheels (10) of the stabilization unit (8) is arranged.
    [5]
    5. Machine (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that on the machine frame (2) in the region of the camera (11) an acceleration sensor (12) is arranged.
    [6]
    6. measuring method, which is carried out by means of a machine (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that from the oscillating region of the track grating (5) by means of the camera (11) in a plan view continuously image data are detected and that from the detected image data, a resulting deflection (sr) of the track grating (5) is derived.
    [7]
    7. Measuring method according to claim 6, wherein a first image (17) recorded in one direction at the time of a maximum deflection is compared with a second image (18) recorded in the opposite direction at the time of maximum deflection in order to derive therefrom the resulting deflection (sr) der der Gleisrostes (5) derive.
    [8]
    8. Measuring method according to claim 7, characterized in that a positional deviation (20) of image contents identical in both images (17, 18) is evaluated as a measure of the resulting deflection (sr) of the track grid (5).
    [9]
    9. Measuring method according to claim 8, characterized in that contours of a threshold (6) and / or rail fastening means (14) are selected as identical image contents.
    [10]
    10. A measuring method according to claim 6, characterized in that during a period of oscillation of the track grating (5) at predetermined recording times (ti, t2, t3, t4) image data are detected that at each recording time a deflection (si, S2, S3, S4) of the track grid (5) is determined and that from a sinusoidal oscillation of the track grid (5) is derived.
    [11]
    11. Measuring method according to one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the images (17, 18) are recorded at a frame rate which corresponds to at least a fourfold frequency of the horizontal oscillation of the track grating (5).
    [12]
    12. Measuring method according to one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that the detection of the image data and the horizontal vibration of the track grating (5) are synchronized.
    [13]
    13. Measuring method according to one of claims 6 to 12, characterized in that a phase shift (Δφ) between an on the track grid (5) acting vibration of the stabilization unit (8) and the means of the camera (11) detected resulting vibration of the track grid (5 ) is determined.
    [14]
    14. Measuring method according to one of claims 6 to 13, characterized in that in the region of the camera (11) a vibration of the machine frame (2) is measured and included in the evaluation of the resulting deflection (sr) of the track grate (5).
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
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    AT518373B1|2018-05-15|
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    EP3420135A1|2019-01-02|
    CA3012544A1|2017-08-31|
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE4102870A1|1990-02-06|1991-08-08|Plasser Bahnbaumasch Franz|CONTINUOUSLY RIDABLE RAILWAY MACHINE TO COMPRESS THE GRAVEL BED OF A TRACK|WO2020083599A1|2018-10-24|2020-04-30|Plasser & Theurer Export Von Bahnbaumaschinen Gmbh|Method and device for stabilizing a track|
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    US20150269722A1|2014-03-18|2015-09-24|General Electric Company|Optical route examination system and method|
    US11124207B2|2014-03-18|2021-09-21|Transportation Ip Holdings, Llc|Optical route examination system and method|
    JP6697797B2|2014-09-08|2020-05-27|トランスポーテーション アイピー ホールディングス，エルエルシー|Optical path survey system and method|WO2018026895A1|2016-08-05|2018-02-08|Harsco Technologies LLC|Rail vehicle having stabilizer workhead with powered axles|
    AT522652A1|2019-05-23|2020-12-15|Plasser & Theurer Export Von Bahnbaumaschinen Gmbh|Method and device for controlling / regulating a rotary drive of a working unit of a track construction machine|
    AT523228A1|2019-12-10|2021-06-15|Plasser & Theurer Export Von Bahnbaumaschinen Gmbh|Machine and method for stabilizing a ballast track|
    AT523949A1|2020-07-09|2022-01-15|Plasser & Theurer Export Von Bahnbaumaschinen Gmbh|Machine and method for compacting a track ballast bed|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA93/2016A|AT518373B1|2016-02-24|2016-02-24|Machine with stabilization unit and measuring method|ATA93/2016A| AT518373B1|2016-02-24|2016-02-24|Machine with stabilization unit and measuring method|
    BR112018015309-5A| BR112018015309A2|2016-02-24|2017-01-27|a machine having a stabilization unit and a measurement method|
    JP2018544521A| JP6840161B2|2016-02-24|2017-01-27|Machines with stabilizing assemblies and measuring methods|
    PL17715395T| PL3420135T3|2016-02-24|2017-01-27|Machine with stabilization assembly, and measurement method|
    PCT/EP2017/000103| WO2017144152A1|2016-02-24|2017-01-27|Machine with stabilization assembly, and measurement method|
    CA3012544A| CA3012544A1|2016-02-24|2017-01-27|Machine with stabilization assembly, and measurement method|
    EP17715395.4A| EP3420135B1|2016-02-24|2017-01-27|Machine with stabilization assembly, and measurement method|
    US16/068,981| US10914041B2|2016-02-24|2017-01-27|Machine with stabilization assembly, and measurement method|
    ES17715395T| ES2760578T3|2016-02-24|2017-01-27|Machine with stabilization set and measurement procedure|
    EA201800352A| EA201800352A1|2016-02-24|2017-01-27|TRACKING MACHINE WITH STABILIZING UNIT AND MEASUREMENT METHOD|
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